來源：商務微新聞 類型：轉載 分類：其它 2020-05-28 09:49
2020年5月25日下午，第十三屆全國人民代表大會第三次會議在人民大會堂舉行第二次全體會議。會議結束后舉行第二場“部長通道”采訪活動，商務部部長鐘山通過網絡視頻方式接受采訪。
以下為中英文實錄
每日經濟新聞記者：
疫情發生后，全球經濟受到嚴重沖擊，我國外貿外資形勢嚴峻，在這個背景下，中央強調要穩住外貿外資基本盤，請問鐘部長，您是怎么看這個基本盤的？商務部有何考慮？謝謝。
鐘山：
謝謝你的提問。穩住外貿外資基本盤，是黨中央、國務院作出的決策部署，我們要堅決貫徹落實。我想從三個方面回答你的問題。
第一，穩住外貿外資基本盤事關重大。外貿外資是改革開放的重要內容，也是改革開放的重大成果。40多年來，我國的外貿外資快速發展，為我國經濟社會的發展作出了重要貢獻。貢獻主要體現在以下幾方面：一是對經濟增長的貢獻。外貿外資成為我國經濟增長的重要拉動力。二是對財政稅收的貢獻。外貿外資對我國稅收的貢獻超過25%。三是對我國就業的貢獻。外貿外資直接間接就業超過2億人，其中8000多萬為農民工。四是為我國開放型經濟發展作出了重要貢獻。外貿外資為我國融入全球化作出了重要貢獻。所以說，穩住外貿外資基本盤，事關我國改革開放，事關我國經濟社會發展大局。
第二，穩住外貿外資基本盤的主要工作。從外貿看，最主要是要穩住外貿主體。現在我國各類外貿主體超過30萬家，包括民營企業、國有企業和外資企業。面對疫情的沖擊，這些企業遇到了前所未有的困難。這些困難，有一些企業通過自己的努力可以解決，有一些需要政府的幫助。黨中央、國務院高度重視，從財政稅收、金融保險、產業鏈供應鏈等方面，在政策上予以幫助、支持，降低了企業的壓力，也激發了企業的活力。我們認為，只要外貿主體能夠穩住，我國的外貿就一定能夠穩住，能夠發展。
從外資看，主要是做好兩件事，一是要擴大外資增量。這就需要我們進一步擴大對外開放，放寬市場準入，縮減負面清單，還需要我們搭建更高水平的對外開放平臺，特別是要建設好自由貿易試驗區，加快自由貿易港建設，讓外國投資者愿意來中國投資。二是穩住外資存量。主要是貫徹落實好《外商投資法》，營造公平、公正、透明的營商環境，保護外商合法權益，保護知識產權，讓外商放心、安心，愿意在中國投資，在中國發展。隨著我國營商環境的改善，經濟的發展，市場的擴大，我們相信，聰明的外商一定不會放棄中國龐大的市場。
第三，穩住外貿外資基本盤的主要任務。一是要穩住我國外貿外資在全球的大國地位。二是要穩住外貿外資對經濟社會發展的貢獻。我們堅信，在以習近平同志為核心的黨中央堅強領導下，全國上下共同努力，外貿外資這個基本盤就一定能夠穩住。謝謝大家。
中央廣播電視總臺中國國際電視臺記者：
我們知道，5月18日中國商務部發布終裁公告，開始征收澳大利亞的大麥相關反傾銷稅和反補貼稅。外界認為，這與當前中澳雙邊關系的惡化有關，是中方采取的反制手段，請問您對此有何評論？謝謝。
鐘山：
謝謝你的提問。中國對澳大利亞的大麥反傾銷、反補貼案件確實近期成為了熱點。今天，我想對這個問題給大家作個介紹。
首先，中國對自澳大利亞進口大麥啟動反傾銷、反補貼調查，是依據中國法律和世貿組織規則。這個案件是2018年底立案的，今年5月18日作出裁決。在這個過程中，我們保障了中澳各方的權利，聽取了利益相關方的意見。
第二，中國調查機關對這個案子進行了為期一年半的調查，確定澳大利亞大麥存在傾銷、存在補貼，而且對我國的產業造成了實質性損害。
第三，中國對于采取貿易救濟措施是慎重的、克制的。中國與澳大利亞建交以來，中國對澳大利亞發起的貿易救濟調查只有這一起，就是剛才你說的澳大利亞大麥反傾銷反補貼案。同期，澳大利亞對中國發起的貿易救濟調查有100起。其中，今年以來，澳大利亞對華就發起了3起。而中國今年以來沒有對任何一個國家發起貿易救濟調查。所以，在當前全球疫情蔓延的背景下，我呼吁世界貿易組織成員，要團結抗疫，慎用貿易救濟措施。謝謝。
新華社記者：
在此次全球抗擊疫情中，中國做了很大貢獻，向世界提供了大量的防疫物資。但國際上也有不同的聲音，有的說中國政府在限制出口，也有的說中國出口的防疫物資質量有問題。請問鐘部長，對此您怎么看？能否介紹一下中國在這方面的相關工作。謝謝。
鐘山：
謝謝你的提問。首先我要說的是，中國沒有對防疫物資出口進行限制，我們是開放的。全球疫情暴發以來，中國已經向199個國家和地區出口了大量的防疫物資，為全球應對疫情作出了重要貢獻，體現了中國的大國擔當，體現了人類命運共同體理念。中國行動，得到了許多國家的贊賞和肯定。
剛才你講到的第二個問題是，有些國家質疑中國出口防疫物資的質量。我想講的是，中國政府高度重視出口防疫物資的質量。我們已經建立了從商品生產，到標準認證，再到口岸監管“三位一體”的防疫物資監管體系。總的來說，中國出口的防疫物資質量是好的。
中國防疫物資的出口大致可以分三類：第一類是中國提供的無償援助，已經向超過150個國家和國際組織提供了援助。第二類是外國政府請中國政府幫助他們采購的。第三類是外國企業向中國企業的直接商業采購。這三種類型，前面兩種防疫物資質量是有保障的，目前沒有出現問題。對第三種外國企業到中國的采購，出現一些問題。這個問題來自于兩個方面，一方面是中國的企業在標準認證、質量上存在問題。中國政府已經采取了措施，嚴肅查處，停止他們的防疫物資出口。還有一方面是來自于外國企業的問題，這些外國企業把非醫療用品、非醫用物資用于醫療，比如口罩，我們國家出口的口罩分醫用的和非醫用的，這些國家的企業把這些非醫用口罩送進了醫院，甚至用到臨床上去了，這是非常危險的。我們也知道，一些國家發現問題后，對這類企業也進行了查處。這個責任是進口方的。下一步，只要相關國家需要防疫物資，中國還會一如既往地提供支持，共同抗擊疫情。謝謝。
Minister of Commerce Zhong Shan Meets the Press at the “Ministers’ Corridor” during the 2020 NPC, CPPCC Annual Sessions
National Business Daily：
COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow tothe global economy and China is now faced with a challenging foreign trade andinvestment environment. Against this backdrop, the CPC Central Committeeunderlines that the fundamentals of foreign trade and investment should bestabilized. Minister Zhong, what’s your take on thefundamentals? What are MOFCOM’s considerations? Thank you.
Zhong Shan：
Thank you for your question. We will resolutely implement the decision andplan of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to stabilize thefundamentals of foreign trade and investment. I would like to answer yourquestion from three perspectives.
First, it is of great significance to stabilize the fundamentals offoreign trade and investment. Foreign trade and investment are important inreform and opening-up and have yielded major outcomes. Over the past four decades, China’s foreign trade and investment have been growingrapidly, making significant contribution to our economic and socialdevelopment, especially to the following areas. First, their contribution toeconomic growth. Foreign trade and investment have become important drivingforces for China’s economic growth. Second, theircontribution to fiscal and tax revenues. Foreign trade and investmentcontribute to over 25% of China’s tax revenues. Third,their contribution to employment. They provide jobs directly or indirectly forover 200 million people, 80 million of whom are migrant workers from ruralareas. Fourth, their contribution to the development of an open economy inChina. The efforts to help China’s trade and investment“go global” and to expandimport and attract foreign investment have greatly facilitated China’s engagement in globalization. Hence it is fair to say thatstabilizing the fundamentals of foreign trade and investment is of greatsignificance to China’s reform and opening-up, as wellas its overall economic and social development.
Next, I would like to talk about the main tasks. In terms of foreigntrade, the priority is to stabilize foreign trade entities. China is home toover 300,000 foreign trade entities, including private businesses, state-ownedenterprises and foreign-invested companies, which, impacted by the pandemic,have faced unprecedented difficulties. Some of the problems can be overcome bythe entities themselves, but others require government support to tackle. TheCPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great attention to thisrespect and have been providing support and assistance policy-wise in taxation,financing, insurance and industrial and supply chains to ease the pressure onforeign trade companies and reinvigorate them. We believe that as long as theforeign trade entities are stable, there will be stable development in China’sforeign trade.
In terms of foreign investment, we have two missions to accomplish. Thefirst is to expand FDI inflows. This requires opening-up on a larger scale,extended market access, a shortened negative list and opening-up platforms ofhigher quality. In particular, we need to develop pilot free trade zones andthe free trade port to attract foreign investors. The second is to the stock offoreign investment stable. To this end, we should implement the ForeignInvestment Law, foster a business environment featuring fairness, equity andtransparency, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of foreigninvestors and protect intellectual property rights, so that foreign investorsare confident, comfortable and enthusiastic about their investment anddevelopment in China. We are confident that with an improving businessenvironment, growing economy and expanding market access, China will remain anideal destination that smart foreign investors would not give up.
Furthermore, we should maintain China’s position as amajor trader and investment destination, and make sure that foreign trade andinvestment continue to contribute to China’s social andeconomic progress. We believe that under the leadership of the CPC CentralCommittee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, and through the effort of theentire nation, we will successfully stabilize the fundamentals of foreign tradeand investment. Thank you.
CGTN：
As we know, MOFCOM issued the finaldecision to impose anti-dumping and countervailing duties on Australian barley.Some argue that it is a countermeasure by China that has something to do withthe deteriorating China-Australia relationship. What’syour comment? Thank you.
Zhong Shan：
Thanks for your question. Indeed, thebarley case has been a much-discussed topic recently. Today, I want to give abrief overview about this issue.
First, China initiated ananti-dumping and countervailing probe into imports of barley from Australia inline with Chinese laws and WTO rules. The investigation was launched at the endof 2018 and we made the final determination on May 18 this year. Throughout theprocess, we have protected the rights of all parties concerned in China andAustralia and heard opinions of stakeholders.
Second, after a one-and-a-half yearinvestigation into the case, the Chinese investigators determined that theAustralian barley has been dumped and subsidized, which caused substantialinjury to China’s industries.
Third, China has exercised cautionand restraint in taking trade remedy measures. Since the establishment ofdiplomatic relations between China and Australia, this case on Australianbarley is the only trade remedy investigation launched by China againstAustralia. In the same period, Australia has launched 100 trade remedyinvestigations on China, including three cases against China in this year.Meanwhile, China has not launched trade remedy investigations on any countrythis year before this case. Therefore, amid the spreading global pandemic, Icall on the WTO members to unite against the virus and take trade remedymeasures with caution. Thank you.
Xinhua News Agency：
China has made great contribution tothe global COVID-19 response by providing large quantities of anti-epidemicsupplies to the rest of the world. But there are also claims that such exportsare restricted by the Chinese government or of poor quality. Minister Zhong,what’s your view on that? Could you share with us what Chinahas done in this regard? Thank you.
Zhong Shan：
Thank you for the questions. First of all, I want topoint out that China did not restrict the export of anti-epidemic supplies andremains open. Since the pandemic broke out, China has exported huge quantitiesof anti-epidemic supplies to 199 countries and regions, making importantcontribution to the global epidemic response. We have acted as a responsiblemajor country with the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind.China’s actions have received appreciation and recognition from many countries.
Regarding the second question about the quality ofexported supplies from China being questioned by some countries, I wish to saythat the Chinese government attaches great importance to the quality ofanti-epidemic supplies we export. We have established a triple monitoringsystem that covers the production, standards certification, and port regulationof anti-epidemic supplies. Supplies exported by China are by and large of soundquality.
Our exports of anti-epidemic supplies can begenerally divided into three types: gratuitous aid that China has provided toover 150 countries and international organizations, goods that foreigngovernments asked the Chinese government to help procure, and direct purchasesby foreign companies from Chinese companies via commercial channels. So far, noquality problem has been found with the first two types of products. Withrespect to the third type, issues have emerged in two aspects. First, therehave been problems related to standards certification and quality of productsexported by Chinese companies. The Chinese government has taken seriousmeasures to punish the companies concerned and suspended their export ofanti-epidemic supplies. Second, some foreign companies used non-medicalsupplies for medical purposes. Take face masks as an example. China exportsboth medical and non-medical face masks. Some foreign companies sentnon-medical masks to hospitals and some of these masks were even used forclinical purposes, which could be rather dangerous. To our knowledge, thesecompanies have already been punished by relevant authorities of their owncountries. The responsibility lies with the importing party. Moving forward,China will, as always, continue to provide support to countries in need ofanti-epidemic supplies to jointly battle COVID-19. Thank you.